IGCSE Physics (0625) formula sheet
Get the PDFMotion, forces & energy
| Quantity | Formula |
|---|---|
| Speed | speed = distance ÷ time |
| Acceleration | acceleration = change in velocity ÷ time taken |
| Force | force = mass × acceleration (F = ma) |
| Weight | weight = mass × gravitational field strength (W = mg) |
| Density | density = mass ÷ volume |
| Momentum | momentum = mass × velocity (p = mv) |
| Resultant force | force = change in momentum ÷ time taken |
| Work done | work done = force × distance moved in the direction of the force |
| Power | power = work done ÷ time taken (or energy transferred ÷ time taken) |
| Kinetic energy | KE = ½ × mass × velocity² |
| Gravitational potential energy | GPE = mass × gravitational field strength × height |
| Efficiency | (useful energy output ÷ total energy input) × 100% |
| Moment of a force | moment = force × perpendicular distance from the pivot |
| Pressure | pressure = force ÷ area |
| Pressure due to a liquid column | pressure = height × density × gravitational field strength |
| Spring extension (Extended) | force = spring constant × extension |
Thermal physics
| Quantity | Formula |
|---|---|
| Thermal energy for a temperature change | energy = mass × specific heat capacity × temperature change |
| Thermal energy for a change of state | energy = mass × specific latent heat |
| Fixed mass of gas at constant temperature (Extended) | pressure × volume = constant (p₁V₁ = p₂V₂) |
Waves
| Quantity | Formula |
|---|---|
| Wave speed | wave speed = frequency × wavelength |
| Frequency | frequency = 1 ÷ time period |
| Refractive index (Extended) | n = sine of angle of incidence ÷ sine of angle of refraction |
| Critical angle (Extended) | n = 1 ÷ sine of the critical angle |
Electricity & magnetism
| Quantity | Formula |
|---|---|
| Charge | charge = current × time (Q = It) |
| Voltage | voltage = current × resistance (V = IR) |
| Electrical power | power = voltage × current (P = VI), also P = I²R |
| Electrical energy | energy = power × time, also E = VIt |
| Resistors in series | total resistance = R₁ + R₂ + … |
| Resistors in parallel | 1 ÷ total resistance = 1÷R₁ + 1÷R₂ + … |
| Transformers (Extended) | secondary voltage ÷ primary voltage = secondary turns ÷ primary turns |
Space physics
| Quantity | Formula |
|---|---|
| Orbital speed (Extended) | orbital speed = (2 × π × orbital radius) ÷ time period |
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